Harmattan season is here again! This time of year in Nigeria is known for its hot days, dry winds, and dusty atmosphere. While it can be a welcome break from the rains, Harmattan also brings health challenges like heat stroke, dehydration, and dust-related issues. But don’t worry! With a few simple tips, you can stay safe and enjoy the season.
What Is Heat Stroke, and How Can You Prevent It?
According to Cleveland Clinic, heat stroke is one of the most serious health risks during hot and dry weather. It occurs when your body overheats and can’t cool itself down, causing your body temperature to rise above 40°C. Symptoms can include confusion, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, fast heart rate, fainting, and even aggression or seizures. If untreated, it can lead to organ damage or even death!
How to Prevent Heat Stroke
- Stay indoors or under shades during peak heat hours (usually late morning to early afternoon).
- Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated.
- Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothes that allow your body to cool naturally.
- Use fans or air conditioning if available.
What to Do If Someone Has Heat Stroke
When someone has heat stroke, they may not be fully aware of their surroundings or able to help themselves. That’s why quick action from bystanders is so important.
If you see someone showing signs of heat stroke, here’s how you can help:
- Get them to a cool spot. Move them away from the heat or sunlight to a shaded or air-conditioned area.
- Cool their body down. Pour water over their skin or use anything handy to fan them.
- Use cold towels. Soak a towel in cold water (or ice water if you have it), and place it on their skin. Cover as much of their body as you can and keep switching to freshly soaked towels every minute or so.
- Apply cold packs. Focus on areas like their armpits, neck, or back of the knees, as these spots help cool the body quickly.
What Not to Do
Just as important as what you should do is knowing what you shouldn’t do:
- Don’t give fever-reducing medicine. Medicines like acetaminophen (paracetamol) don’t help with heat stroke and can make things worse.
- Don’t give them fluids to drink. While it may seem like the right thing to do, people with heat stroke can have trouble swallowing, and there’s a risk of them choking or inhaling the liquid.
Remember, heat stroke is a medical emergency. After giving first aid, make sure to call for professional help immediately. Acting fast can save a life!
What is Dehydration and How to Avoid it
Harmattan’s dry winds and hot temperatures can quickly lead to dehydration if you’re not careful. Dehydration according to Mayo Clinic, happens when your body loses more fluids than it takes in. Symptoms include extreme thirst, dark-colored urine, dizziness, and fatigue
How to Stay Hydrated
- Drink water regularly, even when you don’t feel thirsty. Harmattan heat can make you lose fluids faster than usual.
- Snack on fruits like watermelon, oranges, and cucumber, which are rich in water and electrolytes.
- Avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol as they can increase dehydration.
Children and older adults are especially vulnerable because they may not feel thirsty until dehydration has already set in. Pay extra attention to their hydration needs.
Protect Yourself from Harmattan Dust
Harmattan’s dusty winds aren’t just annoying—they can trigger respiratory issues, worsen asthma, and irritate your skin and eyes.
What You Can Do
- Wear a face mask or scarf to filter the air when you’re outside.
- Keep your home dust-free by shutting windows and cleaning surfaces regularly.
- Use saline nasal sprays and eye drops to keep your nasal passages and eyes hydrated.
Harmattan is part of Nigeria’s unique weather pattern, but it comes with its challenges. By taking precautions like staying hydrated, avoiding the peak heat, and protecting yourself from dust, you can stay safe and healthy.
Remember, your health matters! Share these tips with friends and family so everyone can enjoy a safe and happy Harmattan season.